Citation2017), the Conversion of Land Use (CLUE) model (Verburg et al. There are several urban modelling applications that use 2D spatial data in a GIS environment and can provide a variety of spatial and statistical analyses, as well as simulation and prediction functions such as the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model (Liu et al. Therefore, it has become very important in representing cities and performing a variety of analyses in the city’s virtual environment (Lin and Chen Citation2015), such as searching, queries and various statistical analyses, unlike other 2D applications that do not have these capabilities. The strength of GIS lies in the link between the spatial features and their attributes (Database). GIS organizes geo-referenced spatial data stored in a database (Goodchild Citation2009). The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the advanced technologies for collecting, compiling, storing, updating, retrieving, analysing and processing spatial data. Using of the 3D modelling applications are not only in the fields of education and engineering, but also in the development of virtual models, computer games and filmmaking (Parish and Müller Citation2001), in addition to smart transport systems and modelling of tourist and archaeological sites. 3D modelling for cities has become feasible with the availability of recent applications and computers that have large memory, processing and graphics capabilities of today’s hardware. Modelling 3D-GIS is the best way to visualize and simulate real cities (Singh, Jain, and Mandla Citation2013). Today, 3D models are widely used in exciting applications such as archaeology, animation, architecture, urban planning, reverse engineering, industrial design, museums, movies, games, toys, and web-design. Three-dimensional modelling has become a key knowledge in many applications (Uddin et al. Engineers and city planners are looking for the best way to organize their cities in order to manage the complexity of urbanization. These changes will assess our understanding of cities and the development of future-oriented urban growth (Badwi, El-Barmelgy, and Ouf Citation2015).
As a result, several changes in urban planning and urban design methodologies are taking place. In the field of the fourth generation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), emerging technologies have an impact on almost all fields worldwide (Talvitie Citation2004). The CityEngine modelling approach enables comprehensive urban analyses such as sequence vision, façade studies, urban fabric and character, and statistical operations based on attribute database. While the results are promising, it is important to investigate more complex cases.
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The results confirm the effectiveness of CityEngine as a 3D-GIS modelling software that generates dynamic 3D models from 2D spatial data. Finally, CityEngine was evaluated through a real-world case study of a neighbourhood in the new city of Beni-Suef, Egypt. Second, the concept of procedural modelling and its power to generate complex 3D models using a set of rules is discussed. First, discuss the concept and strength of parametric design. This issue has been addressed in three respects. This paper highlights the importance of 3D Procedural Modelling (PM) of cities in the GIS environment using ESRI CityEngine and presents a parametric concept for designing urban spaces. CityEngine can be described as parametric modelling using Procedural Modelling (PM) to create 3D urban elements through macros and routines. CityEngine is one of the most recent 3D-GIS modelling applications. These technologies have become very important in representing large cities and conducting various analyses in the city’s virtual environment to support urban decision-making. 3D Geographic Information Systems (3D-GIS) have evolved enormously due to the availability of large-scale 3D modelling techniques.
Recently, 3D city modelling has grown due to advances in applications accompanying the information technology revolution. Modelling and visualization of three-dimensional (3D) models for cities is a great challenge for computer software and graphics.
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